INTERTEXTUAL FIELD PARAMETERS IN THE NOVEL "ANDRII LAHOVSKYI" BY AHATANHEL KRYMSKYI

Abstract

The article outlines the intertextual field parameters in the novel "Andrii Lahovskyi" by Ahatanhel Krymskyi. In the process of research the active use of quotations and allusions by the writer was found out. Quotations are organically embedded in the speech of all characters, it is especially true of the main character (71 example found). The novel is dominated by quotations with partial attribution - indicating the author of the prototext (37 quotations) or the whole work (4 quotations). There are 6 quotations with full attribution, 4 quotations with “allusive” attribution and 10 quotations with unspecified attribution. Unattributed quotes are most taken from the reading-books. Ukrainian, Old Slavic, Russian, Ancient Greek, Latin, German, French, English, Italian, and Turkish languages appear in these intertextual inclusions. Allusions to works of Ukrainian and foreign authors, the Bible, myths, numerous historical and philosophical reminiscences (Ptolemy, Strabo, Xenophon, Plato, Max Stirner) are actively used in the novel.

Other types and forms of intertextual relations in the novel include: 1) paratextuality (the title of the third part of the novel "Following St. Ephrem the Syrian" emphasizes the prototext, which played an important role in the spiritual evolution of the main character); 2) hyperintertextuality — paraphrases used to establish a dialogue with other literary works in terms of saving text space; 3) metatextuality (Lahovskyi's reflections on Ivan Franko's "Parable of Beauty", Volodymyr Shmidt's discourse of Heine's poetry "Der Asra"); 4) autointertextuality (citing the other poetic works of Ahatanhel Krymskyi in the novel). The novel also reveals examples of apocryphal intertextuality (a fictional "quote" from the biblical book of Jesus Sirach) and intermediality (references to the opera "Faust", "Siciliana" from "Cavalleria Rusticana", Rubinstein's music to Heine's "Der Asra", Ophelia's song, a Japanese song about a goldfish, Wagner’s operas).

The list of key prototexts of the analysed novel includes: 1) the Bible; 2) ancient literature and mythology; 3) Ukrainian literature; 4) Russian literature; 5) German literature. Episodic references to English, French, Italian literature, Eastern poetry and folklore appear in the novel. Taking into account the variety of types and forms of intertextuality in the novel and the significant fleshing out of the intertextual field with textual inclusions from the works of Ukrainian and foreign writers, we can consider the novel "Andrii Lahovskyi" to be one of the first examples of an intellectual novel in Ukrainian literature.